Welcome to our survey!

Hi! We are a research team of George Washington University. This survey will ask you simple questions regarding your purchase preference for used cars.

This survey will take about 10 minutes to complete. It can be stopped and picked up at any time. Your personal information will be kept private and won’t be shared with anyone else. The survey is subdivided in six sub-sections:

  • Current vehicle information

  • Future vehicle information

  • Vehicle fuel type choice questions

  • Electric vehicle choice questions

  • Knowledge of electric vehicles

  • Demographic Information

We greatly appreciate your participation!

This study is about the purchase of your next vehicle.

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Section 1 of 6

Below are some questions about your household.

Let’s begin with the vehicles in your household.
- Please consider all passenger vehicles – including cars, SUVs, vans, and trucks – but exclude motorcycles.
- Your household includes all the persons who occupy the housing unit as their usual place of residence.
- The table below describes each type of passenger vehicle.

Types of Powertrain Powertrain Definition Examples
Conventional Gasoline or other liquid-fuel engine, such as diesel or flex-fuel. Honda Civic, Ford Explorer
Gas hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Smaller gasoline engine + electric motor + small battery. Gasoline engine recharges the battery to improve fuel efficiency. Toyota Prius, Ford Escape Hybrid
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) Hybrid that can also be plugged into an electrical outlet to charge the battery. Runs on electricity for a short range (10 – 40 miles), then switches to gasoline. Kia Niro, Toyota RAV4 Prime
Battery electric vehicle (BEV) Electric motor only. Must be plugged into an electrical outlet to be refueled. Nissan Leaf, Tesla Model Y


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Section 1 of 6

Below are some questions about the household vehicle you currently drive most often.

Please answer to the best of your knowledge.

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Section 2 of 6

This section asks a few questions about your future vehicle.

You indicated earlier that you are interested in a used for your next vehicle.

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Very unlikely Somewhat unlikely Neither likely nor unlikely Somewhat likely Very likely
New plug-in hybrid vehicle
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Used plug-in hybrid vehicle
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New battery electric vehicle
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Used battery electric vehicle
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Section 3 of 6

Vehicle Educational Page

Great Work! Now that you have shared a bit about yourself, we’d like you to consider a scenario in which you can choose a used vehicle from a set of vehicles with different attributes.

Let’s learn about the attributes.

Types of Powertrain Powertrain Definition Examples
Conventional Gasoline or other liquid-fuel engine, such as diesel or flex-fuel. Honda Civic, Ford Explorer
Gas hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Smaller gasoline engine + electric motor + small battery. Gasoline engine recharges the battery to improve fuel efficiency. Toyota Prius, Ford Escape Hybrid
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) Hybrid that can also be plugged into an electrical outlet to charge the battery. Runs on electricity for a short range (10 – 40 miles), then switches to gasoline. Kia Niro, Toyota RAV4 Prime
Battery electric vehicle (BEV) Electric motor only. Must be plugged into an electrical outlet to be refueled. Nissan Leaf, Tesla Model Y
Range - The maximum distance a vehicle can travel in a full tank/ fully charged battery.
Purchase price - The total price for the vehicle (in dollars), including down payment, monthly payments, taxes, fees, etc.
Model Year - The actual year the vehicle was made.
Mileage - The number of miles a vehicle has traveled.
Operating Cost (Equivalent Gasoline Fuel Efficiency) - Cost in cents per mile driven of fueling the vehicle. The equivalent fuel efficiency in miles per gallon (MPG) of a conventional gasoline vehicle is displayed in parenthesis.

Vehicle Choice Question Demonstration

We will now begin the choice tasks. We will show you six choice questions, starting on the next page. Below is an example of the type of questions you will be asked.

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Question 1 of 6

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Question 5 of 6

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Question 6 of 6

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Section 4 of 6

Battery Educational Page

Next, we’d like you to consider a scenario in which you can choose a used battery electric vehicle (BEV) from a set of BEVs with different attributes. Please review some important facts about BEVs and their batteries.

Vehicle Driving Range and Battery Health
- EV batteries gradually lose capacity over time (battery degradation), which reduces the vehicle’s driving range and increases charging time.
- The condition of an EV battery is often described using State of Health (SOH), expressed as a percentage.

Section 4 of 6

Battery Educational Page

Next, we’d like you to consider a scenario in which you can choose a used battery electric vehicle (BEV) from a set of BEVs with different attributes. Please review some important facts about BEVs and their batteries.

Vehicle Driving Range and Battery Health
- EV batteries gradually lose capacity over time (battery degradation), which reduces the vehicle’s driving range and increases charging time.
- The condition of an EV battery is often described using State of Health (SOH), expressed as a percentage.
Battery Maintenance
- Battery replacements are rare but can be expensive, costing between $7,000 and $20,000 depending on the model and labor costs.
- However, most modern EV batteries are designed to last the lifetime of the vehicle under normal use.
Warranty Coverage
- BEVs come with a battery warranty of at least 8 years or 100,000 miles, whichever comes first.- Many batteries continue to perform well beyond the warranty period, though some performance degradation is expected over time.
- Most manufacturers will replace the battery when the SOH falls below 70-75% while under warranty.

Battery Educational Page

Let’s take a moment to learn about the specific attributes of the BEVs that you’ll see in the upcoming choices.

Mileage - The number of miles a vehicle has traveled.
Purchase price - The total price for the vehicle (in dollars), including down payment, monthly payments, taxes, fees, etc.
Battery refurbishment history - The repair or replacement work that has been done on the vehicle’s main battery.
Electric range - The maximum distance (in miles) the vehicle can travel on a full battery charge, under typical driving conditions.
Battery State-of-Health - How much (in percentages) of the battery’s original capacity remains.

Battery Choice Question Demonstration

We will now show you six choice questions, starting on the next page. For all choice questions, please assume the used vehicle was built in 2022 and is currently three years old.

Below is an example of the type of questions you will be asked.

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Question 6 of 6

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Not at all Slightly Moderately Very Extremely
Vehicle mileage
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Vehicle price
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Battery Refurbishment history
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Battery range and health
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Section 5 of 6

Below are a few questions about electric vehicles which we will only use for analyzing our survey data.

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Section 6 of 6

Demographic information

We’re almost done! We’d just like to ask just a few more questions about you which we will only use for analyzing our survey data.

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This is the last page in the survey. Thanks for taking our survey!

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